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GPI FOUNDATIONS10 min readTRANSFORMATION

THE SPIRAL
MODEL.

Why Transformation Isn't Linear

Your body doesn't "achieve" a state. It cycles. Breathe in, breathe out. Build tissue, break tissue. Companies are the same. The health isn't in any single state—it's in the rhythm.

CRYSTALLIZEPARTICLEDISSOLVEFIELDHIGHER
Each cycle ends higher. You can't skip phases.

"Organizations don't transform once. They cycle. The question isn't what state you're in—it's how well you're cycling."

WHY SPREADSHEETS MISS IT

"We measured engagement at 72%." Static. Frozen. No indication of direction, velocity, or phase.

A company with GPI 7 (particle state) isn't necessarily sick. They might be at peak crystallization, about to dissolve productively. Or frozen solid, unable to change. You can't tell from a single measurement.

This is the difference between a thermometer and an EKG. One tells you temperature. The other tells you if you're alive.

THE FOUR PHASES

Every organization cycles through these. The question is how well.

PHASE 1

CRYSTALLIZATION

What works gets repeated. Patterns emerge. Success becomes process. "Let's do that again."

PHASE 2

PARTICLE

Process becomes policy becomes culture. Maximum structure. Minimum flexibility. "This is how we do things."

PHASE 3

DISSOLUTION

Reality stops matching structure. Cracks appear. The old way stops working. Structure breaks—voluntarily or violently.

PHASE 4

FIELD

Fluid. Experimental. New patterns emerge from chaos. Not random—searching. "What if we tried..."

Then back to crystallization. But higher.

THE LINEAR MYTH

The consulting industry sells transformation as a journey from A to B. Current state to future state. Old model to new model. Particle to field.

It's a compelling story. It fits in PowerPoint. It justifies contracts.

It's also wrong.

Organizational evolution isn't linear. It's helical. Companies don't move from particle state to field state in a straight line. They spiral: mastering particle, expanding to field, returning to particle at a higher level, expanding again.

This explains why "digital transformation" initiatives fail at predictable rates. Why acquired companies get rejected. Why innovation labs never influence core operations. The linear model assumes you can skip from GPI 8 to GPI 3. You can't.

THE TRANSFORMATION GRAVEYARD

Failed SAP implementations: Tried to jump from manual processes to integrated systems without building capability

Abandoned cloud migrations: Attempted to move from on-premise to distributed without metabolic preparation

Dead innovation labs: Created field-state pockets in particle-state organizations without integration path

Rejected acquisitions: Bought field-state companies with particle-state metabolism and wondered why they failed

THE AMAZON SPIRAL

Amazon is often cited as a field state success story. GPI around 3.2: fast decisions, distributed knowledge, continuous error correction. But this misses how they got there.

Amazon didn't start in field state. They spiraled to it.

THE AMAZON SPIRAL PHASES

PHASE 1|Retail (Particle - GPI ~7)

Started with books. Standardized product, predictable demand. Built warehouses, logistics, process optimization. Mastered particle operations before attempting field.

PHASE 2|Marketplace (Field - GPI ~4)

Opened platform to third-party sellers. Distributed inventory, distributed fulfillment. Used Phase 1 infrastructure to enable Phase 2 coordination.

PHASE 3|AWS (Field - GPI ~2)

Infrastructure-as-service at extreme scale. Distributed computing, distributed storage. Used Phase 2 coordination capability to enable Phase 3 platform.

PHASE 4|Logistics Network (Particle - GPI ~5)

Building own delivery infrastructure. But different from Phase 1: modular, flexible, technology-enabled. Revisiting particle with field capabilities.

The key insight: each phase builds capability for the next phase. You can't skip steps. You can't jump from Phase 1 to Phase 3. Each spiral builds on what came before.

METABOLIC COMPATIBILITY

The spiral model explains why some acquisitions work and others don't.

AMAZON + WHOLE FOODS

Amazon (GPI 3.2) acquired Whole Foods (GPI 6.1). Gap: 2.9 points. Within integrable range.

Both had spiral capability. Both had evolved through phases. Metabolic compatibility allowed integration.

Result: Successful integration. Whole Foods GPI dropped to ~5.3.

HP + AUTONOMY

HP (GPI 7.8) acquired Autonomy (GPI 3.1). Gap: 4.7 points. Beyond integrable range.

HP was deep particle. Autonomy was fast field. No spiral preparation. Automatic rejection.

Result: $8.8 billion writedown. Complete failure.

The difference wasn't strategic logic. Both acquisitions made sense on paper. The difference was metabolic gap. 3 points can be bridged. 5 points triggers antibody rejection.

THE 2-POINT RULE

Based on GPI analysis across hundreds of organizations, a pattern emerges:

METABOLIC SHIFT CAPACITY

1-2 point GPI shiftAchievable in 1-2 years
2-3 point GPI shiftAchievable in 3-5 years
4+ point GPI shiftRequires multiple spiral phases
5+ point acquisition gapHigh failure probability

This is why "transformation" timelines are usually fantasy. A GPI 8 organization claiming they'll be GPI 3 in 18 months isn't ambitious. They're delusional. The spiral takes time. Each phase must be mastered before the next.

PARTICLE ISN'T BAD

A common misreading of the GPI framework: particle state is bad, field state is good. This is wrong.

Particle state at the wrong time is bad. Field state at the wrong time is equally bad.

Nuclear power plants should be particle state. Consistent, controlled, predictable. Startups should be field state. Adaptive, experimental, fast. The problem isn't the state. It's the mismatch between state and context.

The spiral model shows that organizations need both. Amazon runs particle operations in fulfillment centers and field operations in AWS. Different metabolisms for different functions. The capability isn't being permanently field or permanently particle. It's being able to spiral between them as needed.

"Transformation isn't choosing particle or field. It's building the capability to spiral between them."

THE MEASURABLE DIMENSIONS

What the Spiral Model tracks that static metrics miss:

SPIRAL VELOCITY

How long for one full revolution?

Startups3-6 months
Growth stage12-18 months
Enterprise3-5 years
Dying∞ (stuck)

SPIRAL DIRECTION

Net altitude change per cycle?

+1Ascending (each cycle ends higher)
0Treading water
-1Descending (each cycle ends lower)

THE PATHOLOGIES

When the spiral breaks:

CRYSTALLIZATION ADDICTION

"We need more process." Keeps adding structure. Terrified of dissolution. Eventually so rigid the spiral stops entirely.

GPI signal: Decision Latency keeps climbing

DISSOLUTION PARALYSIS

"We're still restructuring." Perpetual crisis mode. Can't let patterns form. Burns out the organization.

GPI signal: Error Correction in constant alarm

FIELD ROMANTICISM

"We're agile." Mistakes chaos for adaptability. Resists all structure. Nothing compounds.

GPI signal: Knowledge Velocity high, but no Structural Lock-in ever

PARTICLE NOSTALGIA

"Back to basics." Every crisis met by restoring the previous particle state. Fighting the last war.

GPI signal: Negative Talent Flow as new people rejected

YOUR SPIRAL POSITION

Where are you in the spiral? The diagnostic questions:

PHASE IDENTIFICATION

  • • Are you building particle excellence? (Optimizing, standardizing, controlling)
  • • Are you expanding to field? (Distributing, coordinating, enabling)
  • • Are you returning to particle at higher level? (Re-stabilizing with new capabilities)

CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT

  • • Did you master the previous phase before moving on?
  • • Are you building capability or just changing labels?
  • • Is your current GPI appropriate for your current phase?

TRANSITION READINESS

  • • What infrastructure needs to exist for the next phase?
  • • What antibodies will activate when you try to transition?
  • • What's a realistic timeline based on the 2-point rule?

BUILDING SPIRAL CAPABILITY

The organizations that navigate the spiral successfully share common patterns:

METABOLIC FLEXIBILITY

Different parts of the organization operate at different speeds. AWS teams move faster than retail teams. The platform absorbs metabolic differences rather than forcing uniformity.

INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT

They spend heavily on coordination capability: not just technology, but organizational structure, culture, and metrics. The investment timeline is years, not quarters.

CAPABILITY CASCADE

Each phase builds capability for the next. They don't try to skip steps. They don't try to jump back. They spiral methodically.

LONG-TERM VIEW

They plan in decades, not quarters. They resist pressure to short-circuit the spiral for short-term gains. They accept that real transformation takes real time.

KEY INSIGHT

The spiral isn't a limitation. It's how transformation actually works. Organizations that try to skip phases trigger antibody rejection. Organizations that try to jump too many GPI points at once fail. The path forward isn't faster movement. It's smarter spiraling. Build capability. Master phases. Accept the timeline. You can't skip the spiral. You can only spiral better.

From the upcoming book

The Growing Pains Index

Chapter 4: The Spiral

FIND YOUR SPIRAL POSITION

Measure your current GPI. Understand which phase you're in. Plan realistic transitions.

TAKE THE GPI DIAGNOSTIC